Figure 2 VD increases several neutrophins, such as nerve growth factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, ciliary neurotrophic factor, low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor, and transforming growth factor-b2, and down-regulates neurotrophin 4
Endocrinology 149, 551557
Swiss Dent J 126(10):886897 Greenspan J, Greenspan D, Webster-Cyriaque J (2016) Hairy leukoplakia
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1304209 Received 29 September 2023 Accepted 13 December 2023 Published 05 January 2024 Volume 10 - 2023 Edited by Mahban Rahimifard, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Reviewed by Shayne Mason, North-West University, South Africa
Its detected by: - Increased serum creatinine (always compare with baseline creatinine!) - Decreased urine output Causes of AKI Pre-renal (most common): Inadequate perfusion - Kidneys are intact but starved of blood Causes: dehydration, blood loss, sepsis, heart failure Intrarenal: Direct damage to kidney tissue - can occur after prolonged pre-renal AKI Causes: Nephrotoxic medications (e.g
